Verbascum phoeniceum
Verbascum phoeniceum L.
Verbascum phoeniceum is an elegant short-lived perennial from Central Europe and Central Asia, producing tall, airy spires of saucer-shaped flowers in rich shades of purple, pink, white, and red above a dark-leaved rosette. It symbolizes distinction, mystery, and delicate strength.
Scrophulariaceae (Figwort family)
May to July (late spring to midsummer)
Symbolism & Meanings
Key Meanings
Perfect For
Color Meanings
Similar flowers: spiderworts and aethionemas also share similar meanings.
Cultural Significance
The species name phoeniceum comes from the Latin for "Phoenician" or "crimson," alluding to the rich, jewel-like colors of the original purple-flowered wild form. While Common Mullein (V. thapsus) is the species with the deepest folk history, Purple Mullein has long been celebrated in European horticulture for the exceptional grace and color range of its flower spires. Its garden hybrids, bred extensively in the 20th century, have introduced an even wider range of shades, making it one of the most refined and versatile members of the mullein family. The plant is also an AGM (Award of Garden Merit) recipient from the Royal Horticultural Society.Shop Our Floral Collection
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Physical Characteristics
Natural Habitat
Growing Guide
Sunlight
Full sun; south or west-facing positions ideal
Water
Drought tolerant once established; requires good drainage; will rot in wet winter soils
Soil
Well-drained, Sandy, Loamy, Chalky, Alkaline to neutral, Poor to moderate fertility, pH 6.5–8.0
Expert Growing Tips
Plant in poor to moderately fertile, alkaline, very well-drained soil in full sun
Avoid rich or moist soils, which cause lax, sprawling growth that may need staking
Deadhead spent spikes promptly to extend the blooming season and prevent excessive self-seeding
Propagate by root cuttings taken in late winter, as plants are short-lived and need regular renewal
Self-seeds reliably in gravel gardens, providing a new generation of plants each year
Uses & Benefits
Ornamental Uses
- Cottage and informal garden borders
- Gravel and dry garden plantings
- Mixed perennial borders for vertical accent
- Pollinator and bee gardens
- Cut flower arrangements
Further Reading
Frequently Asked Questions about the Verbascum phoeniceum
What does Verbascum phoeniceum symbolize?
Purple mullein symbolizes distinction, quiet dignity, and delicate strength. Its airy, jewel-toned flower spires represent rare beauty and the elegance that comes from resilience in difficult conditions.
Is Verbascum phoeniceum a perennial?
It is a short-lived perennial or biennial, typically surviving 2 to 5 years. Because it is short-lived, propagating it regularly from root cuttings or allowing self-seeding ensures it persists in the garden.
What is the difference between Verbascum thapsus and Verbascum phoeniceum?
Common Mullein (V. thapsus) is a much taller biennial with woolly silver-grey leaves and dense yellow flower spikes. Purple Mullein (V. phoeniceum) is a more refined, shorter perennial with smooth, dark green leaves and elegant, branching spires of colorful purple, pink, or white flowers.
How do you grow Verbascum phoeniceum?
Plant in full sun in poor to moderately fertile, very well-drained alkaline soil. Avoid rich or moist soils. Deadhead regularly to prolong blooming and take root cuttings in late winter to maintain a supply of new plants as old ones decline.
What colors does Purple Mullein come in?
Despite the name "Purple Mullein," it flowers in a wide range of colors including purple, violet, pink, rose, mauve, and white, with many cultivars and hybrids extending this palette further into shades from pale blush to deep magenta.
Available Colors
Quick Facts
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Spiderwort
Tradescantia virginiana (and other Tradescantia spp.)
Spiderwort is a hardy, easy-to-grow North American wildflower producing a succession of three-petaled blooms in shades of violet, blue, pink, white, and magenta over many weeks. Each flower lasts just one day, but new buds open continuously throughout the long blooming season.
Aethionema
Aethionema spp. (commonly A. grandiflorum)
Aethionema, commonly called Stone Cress, is a charming alpine perennial or sub-shrub producing delicate racemes of pink or white flowers above neat foliage. Perfect for rock gardens and alpine troughs.
Aethionema
Aethionema spp. (commonly A. grandiflorum)
Aethionema, commonly called Stone Cress, is a charming alpine perennial or sub-shrub producing delicate racemes of pink or white flowers above neat foliage. Perfect for rock gardens and alpine troughs.