Cotyledon
Cotyledon spp. (notably Cotyledon orbiculata and Cotyledon tomentosa)
Cotyledons are charming South African succulents prized for their attractive, often powdery or velvety leaves and elegant pendulous tubular flowers in warm shades of orange, red, and yellow. They symbolize warmth, resilience, and enduring charm.
Crassulaceae (Stonecrop family)
Summer to autumn (June to October); flower stems can persist for weeks
Symbolism & Meanings
Key Meanings
Perfect For
Color Meanings
Similar flowers: gaillardias and succulent (echeveria)s also share similar meanings.
Cultural Significance
Cotyledon orbiculata, widely known as pig's ear in South Africa, is one of the most familiar succulents in the South African landscape, growing naturally across rocky hillsides from the Western Cape to the Eastern Cape. In Afrikaans and indigenous South African culture, it is deeply associated with the dry Karoo and fynbos landscapes and is known as a plant that endures, thriving in poor soils and drought that would defeat less resilient plants. Its use in traditional medicine across multiple indigenous groups speaks to a long history of humans and this plant living in close relationship. The warm-toned flowers are associated with the generous warmth of the South African sun.Shop Our Floral Collection
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Physical Characteristics
Natural Habitat
Growing Guide
Sunlight
Full sun to bright indirect light; powdery-leafed species prefer full sun which enhances their silvery coating
Water
Water moderately in the growing season; allow the soil to dry between waterings; reduce significantly in winter; avoid water on the leaves of powdery-coated species
Soil
Well-draining sandy or gritty soil, Cactus and succulent potting mix, Loamy sand with good drainage
Expert Growing Tips
Avoid wetting the leaves of Cotyledon orbiculata and other powdery-coated species, as moisture removes the protective farina coating
Plant in a container with drainage holes and well-draining succulent mix to prevent root rot
In cool climates, bring containers indoors before the first frost; most species are frost-tender
Propagate from stem or leaf cuttings in spring or summer; allow cuttings to callous before planting
Remove spent flower stems at the base to keep the plant tidy and encourage healthy growth
Uses & Benefits
Ornamental Uses
- Rock garden and succulent border feature
- Container plant for sunny patios and balconies
- Indoor windowsill specimen
- Low-maintenance garden bed filler in warm climates
- Cut flower arrangements using the long flower stems
Traditional Uses
- Cotyledon orbiculata leaves have been used in South African traditional medicine (especially by Khoi and San peoples) as a topical treatment for warts, corns, and earache
- Caution: cotyledon plants contain bufadienolide compounds and are toxic if ingested by humans, livestock, and pets; any traditional use involves careful external application only
Disclaimer: Information provided is for educational purposes only. Consult healthcare professionals before using any plant medicinally.
Further Reading
Frequently Asked Questions about the Cotyledon
what is cotyledon orbiculata?
Cotyledon orbiculata, commonly known as pig's ear or round-leafed navel-wort, is a South African succulent shrub prized for its broad, rounded leaves with a powdery silver-gray coating and attractive pendulous orange or red tubular flowers produced on tall stems in summer.
is cotyledon the same as bear's paw?
Cotyledon tomentosa is the species known as bear's paw, named for its thick, fuzzy green leaves with distinctive reddish-brown tooth-like tips that resemble a bear's claws. It is one of the most popular and distinctive species within the Cotyledon genus.
is cotyledon toxic to pets?
Yes, cotyledon plants are toxic to cats, dogs, and livestock if ingested. They contain bufadienolide glycosides that can cause muscle tremors, weakness, and heart problems. Keep cotyledon out of reach of pets and do not allow animals to chew on the leaves or stems.
how do you care for a cotyledon plant?
Grow cotyledon in full sun with very well-draining soil. Water moderately in summer and reduce watering in winter. Avoid getting water on the leaves of powdery-coated varieties, as it removes the protective coating. Bring inside before frost in cool climates and propagate from stem cuttings in spring.
what does a cotyledon flower symbolize?
Cotyledon flowers symbolize warmth, enduring charm, and resilience. Their warm orange and red tones evoke generosity and the nurturing heat of the South African sun, making them a meaningful gift to express lasting appreciation and friendship.
Available Colors
Quick Facts
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