Bee Balm
Monarda didyma
Bee Balm is a vibrant native perennial with shaggy, tubular flowers that attract hummingbirds, bees, and butterflies. Its aromatic leaves smell like bergamot orange and make a delightful tea, earning it the name "Oswego Tea."
Lamiaceae (Mint family)
Summer to early fall (June-September)
Symbolism & Meanings
Key Meanings
Perfect For
Color Meanings
Cultural Significance
Named for Spanish botanist Nicolás Monardes (1493-1588) who wrote about New World medicinal plants. The name "Bee Balm" comes from the traditional use of plant resins to soothe bee stings. "Oswego Tea" references the Oswego Indians of New York who used the leaves for tea. After the Boston Tea Party, colonists used Bee Balm as a tea substitute. The name "Bergamot" comes from the bergamot orange-like fragrance of the leaves. Native Americans had extensive medicinal uses, and the plant symbolizes healing and protection in indigenous traditions.Shop Our Floral Collection
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Physical Characteristics
Natural Habitat
Growing Guide
Sunlight
Full sun to partial shade
Water
Consistent moisture; does not tolerate drought well; keep soil evenly moist to prevent powdery mildew
Soil
Moist, Fertile, Well-drained, Humus-rich, Tolerates clay
Expert Growing Tips
Provide good air circulation to minimize powdery mildew
Divide clumps every 2-3 years in spring to maintain vigor and control spread
Deadhead spent flowers to prolong blooming
Can spread aggressively by rhizomes - may need containment
Water consistently to keep plants healthy and reduce mildew
Deer and rabbit resistant
Cut back after flowering for fresh foliage
Many mildew-resistant cultivars available
Native bees nest in hollow stems - leave some standing over winter
Uses & Benefits
Ornamental Uses
- Pollinator gardens (attracts hummingbirds, bees, butterflies)
- Perennial borders and cottage gardens
- Native plant gardens and meadows
- Rain gardens and moist areas
- Wildlife gardens
- Herb gardens (edible flowers and leaves)
- Cut flowers
Traditional Uses
- Used by Native Americans (Blackfoot, Ojibwa, Winnebago) for medicinal purposes
- Natural source of thymol, an antiseptic used in mouthwash
- Traditional remedy for skin infections, minor wounds, and burns
- Tea used for mouth and throat infections, gingivitis, dental caries
- Used for digestive problems, bronchial ailments, and as a stimulant
- Strong antiseptic and antimicrobial properties
- Modern research supports traditional uses
Disclaimer: Information provided is for educational purposes only. Consult healthcare professionals before using any plant medicinally.
Further Reading
Frequently Asked Questions about the Bee Balm
why is it called oswego tea?
It's called Oswego Tea because the Oswego Indians of New York used the aromatic leaves to make tea. After the Boston Tea Party, colonists used it as a tea substitute.
is bee balm edible?
Yes, Bee Balm leaves and flowers are edible. The leaves make a delightful tea with a bergamot-orange flavor, and flowers can garnish salads and desserts.
does bee balm attract hummingbirds?
Yes, Bee Balm is one of the best plants for attracting hummingbirds. The tubular red flowers are perfectly designed for hummingbird pollination and they love it.
how to prevent powdery mildew on bee balm?
Prevent powdery mildew by providing good air circulation, consistent moisture, full sun, and choosing mildew-resistant cultivars. Avoid overhead watering and don't let soil dry out.
what does bee balm symbolize?
Bee Balm symbolizes compassion, healing, protection, and vitality. The name comes from using plant resins to soothe bee stings, representing natural healing powers.
is bee balm deer resistant?
Yes, Bee Balm is deer and rabbit resistant. The aromatic foliage deters browsing animals, making it excellent for wildlife gardens where deer are present.
Available Colors
Quick Facts
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