Aquilegia Vulgaris
Aquilegia vulgaris
Aquilegia vulgaris is the classic European columbine, a clump-forming perennial cherished in cottage gardens for centuries. Its hooded, spurred blooms in shades of blue, purple, pink, and white symbolize wisdom, folly, and enduring love.
Ranunculaceae (Buttercup family)
Late spring to early summer (May to June)
Symbolism & Meanings
Key Meanings
Perfect For
Color Meanings
Similar flowers: columbines and ajugas also share similar meanings.
Cultural Significance
Aquilegia vulgaris has been woven into European culture and art for centuries. It appeared in medieval Christian symbolism representing the Holy Spirit, with the seven petals of some double forms said to represent the seven gifts of the Spirit. In the language of flowers it carried dual meanings of folly and resolved love. The name columbine derives from the Latin columba (dove), as the flower spurs were said to resemble a cluster of doves. The species was associated with fertility goddesses in ancient Greece and Rome and has been cultivated in European gardens since at least the 13th century.Shop Our Floral Collection
Transform your space with our curated selection of designer floral throw pillows
Visit Full StoreBotanical Information
Physical Characteristics
Natural Habitat
Growing Guide
Sunlight
Full sun to partial shade; tolerates light deciduous shade well
Water
Consistent moisture preferred; drought in summer can trigger powdery mildew; avoid waterlogging
Soil
Fertile, Moist but well-drained, Neutral to slightly alkaline (pH 6.5-7.5)
Expert Growing Tips
Deadhead spent blooms to prevent excessive self-seeding and encourage a second flush
Cut back foliage after flowering to promote fresh growth in late summer
Divide clumps every 3-4 years in spring to maintain vigor, noting that plants dislike root disturbance
Provide good air circulation and avoid drought stress to prevent powdery mildew
Allow some seed heads to remain if you want the plant to naturalize across the garden
Uses & Benefits
Ornamental Uses
- Cottage and informal garden borders
- Woodland garden underplanting
- Cut flower arrangements
- Naturalized wildflower meadows
- Container planting for seasonal display
Traditional Uses
- Historically used in European herbal medicine for skin conditions and as a diaphoretic; not recommended today as the plant contains toxic alkaloids
- Seeds were historically used in very small quantities as a treatment for scurvy and liver conditions; modern use is discouraged due to toxicity risk
Disclaimer: Information provided is for educational purposes only. Consult healthcare professionals before using any plant medicinally.
Further Reading
Frequently Asked Questions about the Aquilegia Vulgaris
Is Aquilegia vulgaris poisonous?
Yes, all parts of Aquilegia vulgaris contain toxic alkaloids, with the seeds being particularly dangerous. It should not be ingested by humans, children, or pets. Handle with care and wash hands after contact.
Will Aquilegia vulgaris spread in the garden?
Yes, common columbine self-seeds freely and can spread across the garden over time. Deadheading spent blooms controls seeding, while allowing seed heads to remain encourages naturalization.
What does Aquilegia vulgaris symbolize?
Common columbine has long symbolized wisdom, spiritual illumination, and enduring love in European tradition. In Christian medieval symbolism it represented the Holy Spirit, while in the Victorian language of flowers it conveyed folly and also resolute love.
When does Aquilegia vulgaris bloom?
Aquilegia vulgaris blooms from late spring into early summer, typically May to June in its native European range. In gardens, bloom time can vary slightly with climate and exposure.
Does Aquilegia vulgaris attract pollinators?
Yes, the spurred flowers are visited by long-tongued bumblebees that access nectar from the spurs, and by other bee species. Hummingbirds have also been observed visiting cultivated specimens.
Available Colors
Quick Facts
Share This Flower
Explore More Beautiful Flowers
Discover other flowers with similar meanings, characteristics, or cultural significance.
Columbine
Aquilegia vulgaris (and other spp.)
Columbine is an elegant perennial with distinctive spurred flowers in various colors. It symbolizes courage, determination, and spiritual growth.
Ajuga
Ajuga reptans (and other spp.)
Ajuga, commonly known as Bugleweed, is a low-growing, mat-forming perennial prized for its colorful foliage and blue flower spikes. An excellent groundcover that spreads quickly in shaded areas.
Angelonia
Angelonia angustifolia
Angelonia is a heat-loving annual with delicate orchid-like flowers that bloom continuously in summer. Known for its angel-like appearance and resilience, it symbolizes grace under pressure and spiritual protection.