Aleurites moluccanus
Aleurites moluccanus (L.) Willd.
Kukui is Hawaii's state tree, a tropical evergreen with silvery-green foliage, creamy white flowers, and oil-rich nuts historically used for illumination. This culturally significant tree embodies the heritage and practical wisdom of Pacific Island peoples.
Euphorbiaceae (Spurge family)
Spring to fall (April-October), may bloom irregularly year-round
Symbolism & Meanings
Key Meanings
Perfect For
Color Meanings
Similar flowers: chinese lanterns and kigelia africanas also share similar meanings.
Cultural Significance
Kukui is the official state tree of Hawaii, designated in 1959, and the kukui flower is the island flower of Molokai. The name "kukui" means light in Hawaiian, reflecting its traditional use as illumination. Ancient Hawaiians strung candlenuts on palm leaf midribs and burned them sequentially as candles and to measure time. The oil was burned in stone lamps. Kukui is a kinolau (physical manifestation) of the pig deity Kamapuaʻa, who facilitates agricultural fertility. The term "kukui" figuratively means guide or leader, symbolizing enlightenment. The nut meat (inamona) is essential in traditional poke. The silvery foliage makes kukui trees easily identifiable in valleys. Polynesian settlers brought kukui as a canoe plant, representing the Pacific voyaging heritage and practical plant knowledge that sustained island cultures.Shop Our Floral Collection
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Physical Characteristics
Natural Habitat
Growing Guide
Sunlight
Full sun to light shade
Water
Moderate water needs, drought tolerant once established
Soil
Well-drained, Moist, Variety of soil types, Slightly acidic to alkaline (pH 6.0-8.0), Recently disturbed soils
Expert Growing Tips
Fast-growing tree that establishes quickly
Tolerates wind, salt spray, and heavy pruning
Thrives in recently disturbed soils
Propagate from fresh seeds or volunteer seedlings
Crack nuts or soak overnight to speed germination
Can be messy due to fruit litter
Seeds germinate readily and tree may self-sow
Suitable for zones 10-12
All parts toxic when raw
Uses & Benefits
Ornamental Uses
- State tree of Hawaii
- Shade tree
- Specimen tree for tropical landscapes
- Windbreak and screening
- Coastal plantings (salt tolerant)
- Revegetation of disturbed sites
Traditional Uses
- Traditionally used as purgative for constipation (with caution)
- Kukui nut oil used topically for massage, sore muscles, burns, and chapped skin
- Inner bark provides red-brown dye
- Contains saponins, phorbol, and toxalbumins when raw
Disclaimer: Information provided is for educational purposes only. Consult healthcare professionals before using any plant medicinally.
Further Reading
Frequently Asked Questions about the Aleurites moluccanus
Are kukui nuts edible?
Kukui nuts are edible when properly roasted but are toxic when raw. Roasted and ground nuts are used in Hawaiian inamona, a condiment essential in traditional poke. Eating too much can cause digestive upset.
What is kukui nut oil used for?
Kukui nut oil is used in cosmetics, personal care products, massage oils, and as a topical treatment for skin conditions. Traditionally, Hawaiians used it in lamps, for coating fishing nets, and as a soothing balm.
Why is kukui Hawaii's state tree?
Kukui was designated Hawaii's state tree in 1959 to honor its cultural significance to Native Hawaiians. It represents traditional knowledge, provides multiple practical uses, and symbolizes enlightenment and guidance.
How were kukui nuts used for light?
Ancient Hawaiians strung candlenuts on palm leaf midribs and burned them one at a time as candles. Each nut burned for about 15 minutes, providing a measure of time. The oil was also burned in stone lamps.
Is kukui native to Hawaii?
No, kukui is a Polynesian canoe plant brought to Hawaii by early settlers. However, it has been naturalized for so long and is so culturally important that it was chosen as the state tree.
Available Colors
Quick Facts
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